I'd like to find some actual numeric data on the amount of detergent in various gasolines from various vendors. I suspect that most use the same amount of detergents in all their octanes.
However, if you're really concerned about getting enough detergent, you should just buy the octane level your car recommends at a Top Tier Gas vendor. See
http://www.toptiergas.com for the list.
As for me, I'll purposely run some cleaner through the system on occasion, but in the meantime I'd rather be burning gas than detergent, so I don't mind if my gas has less detergent. I doubt detergent is a very efficient fuel.
The "Premium" label is just great marketing, since it makes people think that it's better than "Regular" when really it's just specified to avoid knock at higher compression ratios. It would be like selling Load Range E tires as "Premium", where the difference is that they can take higher pressure and therefore can carry more load...but most people still run the same pressure and load on them.