Out of need, I recently drove about 10 miles without the accessory belt on just the starter battery. I hooked up the charger as soon as I got home.
People have done the alternator delete. A deep cycle 12 volt replaced or was added to the starter battery, and the set up recharged daily. I suggest Ecomodder for more info on this, and any other advanced changes to the car.
A solar battery maintainer could add a tiny bit of juice, and keep the battery discharge a little bit shallower. Which could extend the battery life. Without doing any research, I'd say a solar system robust enough to go without plugging in for a charge is going to be too expensive for the gain though. Then it will add weight, and likely negatively affect aerodynamics.
If the goal is to avoid using grid electricity for whatever reason, charge the car off a solar powered battery bank. You could also use a 12-volt windmill I've seen at a farm supply store for charging the bank. Or put the money for that to a home solar system.
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I think older US spec Priuses have an optional solar roof for that sort of thing.
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The gen 3 had a solar option that was the same as the summer package some luxury makes offered in our Southern markets. The Solar panels just powered the blower to circulate the cabin air as the car sat in the sun. Nice if you didn't like getting into an oven after work.
The upcoming Prius Prime/PHEV will have a solar roof option in Japan and some parts of Europe that could actually add some miles to the EV range. Because of system cost, and decent charging options at home, it won't be coming to North America.