Many believe battery electric cars are slow and tend to resemble golfcarts. This is not true.
You see, a series wound DC motor produces its peak torque at zero rpm. A series DC motor's torque is also proportional to an exponent of the armature current(exponent varies from two at 0 amps to about 1.05 at 2,000+ amps due to changes in the properties of the copper and steel of the motor as the magnetic field strength increases). You put about 1,000 amps and 200+ volts through something like an Advanced DC 9'' series wound electric motor with 15 degree brush timing, and you're going to make some *BIG* torque and horsepower numbers. This often results in many a broken drive axel or stripped gears.
Here, let me demonstrate with the following videos:
Battery electric RX7 SPANKS Dodge Viper. Mazda is named "Maniac Mazda" and was driven by Roderick Wilde. It was powered by two ADC 9'' series DC motors and two Zilla 2000 amp controllers at the time of the race:
http://www.electrifyingtimes.com/elect_2_old.ram
Electric Datsun 1200 barely got defeated by a Viper, however he blew a battery. Named "White Zombie" driven by John Wayland". It has routinely dusted off Vipers in the past. At the time of this race(years ago), it was powered by a single Kostov 11'' series DC motor and a 1400 amp Zilla controller:
http://68.101.177.4:81/vids/Wayland_vs_Viper_256k.WMV
Electric Porsche 914 "California Poppy" driven by Otmar Ebenhoech pulls 1/4 mile in the high 13s vs. electric Nissan 280Z named "Silver Bullet" driven by Tom True pulling 14s. The 914 is powered by a 2000 amp Zilla controller and two 8'' Advanced DC electric motors, and the 280Z by three DCP T-Rex controllers and three Advanced DC 8'' motors:
http://www.nedra.com/movies/pso04/CAPOPE_v...lver_Bullet.mov
"Daulin' 7" electric Mazda RX7 driven by John Brown vs. "White Zombie" electric Datsun:
http://www.oeva.org/woodburn2002/zombie-n-...Export00_T1.mov
Here Wayland takes his Datsun 1200 into the 12 second 1/4 mile 100+ mph territory while at the same time raping a Mustang 5.0. In this video the car is powered by two Warfield 8'' series DC motors, 1400 amp Zilla, and a 'contactor bypass' that can bypass the controller's amp limit using a contactor to send current straight from the batteries to the motors for 3000+ amperes of current:
http://www.salezfactory.com/video/wayland_052804.MPG
In this video, Wayland's car, driven by Tom Brehm, rapes a Vette! Installed is a 348V pack of Hawker Aerobatteries, twin WarP 8" series DC motors, and a Cafe Electric Zilla 2k controller.
http://www.plasmaboyracing.com/videos/PIR%...8%20run%207.MOV
"White Zombie's" best run ever, a 12.151.
http://www.plasmaboyracing.com/videos/PIR%...8%20run%207.MOV
"White Zombie" kills a DSM. It's all over in 12.5 seconds.
http://www.plasmaboyracing.com/videos/PIR%...206th%20run.MOV
TZero electric Roadster Races Ferrari. Powered by a 200 horsepower 3-phase AC induction motor called an AC150 made by AC Propulsion:
http://www.acpropulsion.com/tzero_pages/Fe...ero_ferrari.mov
TZero electric Roadster Races Corvette:
http://www.acpropulsion.com/ACP_movies/tze...vette_drag1.mov
http://www.acpropulsion.com/tzero_pages/Fe...ro_corvette.mov
TZero electric Roadster Races Porsche 911:
http://www.acpropulsion.com/tzero_pages/Po...ro_porsche3.mov
EV1 Races Mazda Miata and Nissan 300ZX turbo, powered by a 130 horsepower 3-phase AC induction motor/inverter combination:
http://www.evchargernews.com/CD-A/gm_ev1_w...ry_footage2.htm
EV1 does over 180 mph on test track:
http://www.evchargernews.com/CD-A/gm_ev1_w...ry_footage1.htm
Here’s a video of California Poppy doing a burnout:
http://www.nedra.com/movies/pso04/OtmarsBurnout1.mov
Here’s a video of an EV1 squealing its tires:
http://www.darelldd.com/ev/movies/smoke.mpg
Here’s a video of various electric cars doing burnouts:
http://www.seattleeva.org/NEDRA_BurnOffs.mpg
Here's some electric car race, burnout, 'under the bonnet', and even wheelie pictures:
The four images below are an electric VW Cabriolet smoking its tires in two burnouts with an electric Ford Fiesta named "Goldie" and a little electric Renault Dauphine with a fairly *****y attitude.
The following 9 images are of John Wayland's electric Datsun 1200 named "White Zombie" doing a wicked burnout and of a race with a Dodge Viper.
The following two images contain Roderick Wilde's electric Mazda RX7 named "Maniac Mazda" popping a wheelie and destroying a Viper off the line...
The CommuterCars Tango does a burnout:
And, time slips certainly don't lie, either:
Not only that, but Lithium Ion batteries are allowing electric cars ranges in excess of 200 miles per charge. If quick chargers were installed for these batteries in our public infrastructure we could see 20 minutes charge time. Since no automaker is mass producing EVs and using said batteries, they remain prohibitively expensive. But is it theoretically possible to make a fast, long range EV for a price your average Joe would be able to afford? Yes! But that is within the realm of politics, another topic.
Here's some statistics and pictures of some respectably fast electric cars that have been built by both small businesses and individual people that could feasibly be duplicated today:
AC Propulsion Honda Civic EV
Top speed: 85 mph (governed) [1]
Acceleration: 0-60 mph in 6.2 seconds [2],
¼ mile drag performance: n/a
Horsepower: 200 horsepower [2]
Range: 100 miles [3]
Energy Consumption: < 150 wh/mile [3]
Battery Type: Sealed AGM Lead Acid [4]
Seating Capacity: 4
Curb Weight: 3,200 pounds [5]
Additional notes: Equipped with 200 horsepower 3-phase AC Propulsion drivetrain composed of a 200 horsepower AC motor and inverter combination. Runs on a total of 28 Optima D750 Yellowtop AGM lead acid batteries weighing in at 1,260 pounds. In prototype form the cars were $75,000 hand-built in 1995, but Alan Coconni quoted them at $20,000 each if they could be produced in a volume of 10,000 cars per year.
Datsun 1200 conversion “Blue Meanie”
Top speed: 125 mph [6]
Acceleration: 0-60 mph in 6 seconds [7]
¼ mile drag performance: n/a
Horsepower: n/a
Range: 35-40 miles [8] (According to John Wayland, 400 pounds of lithium batteries would take this car 300 miles per charge)
Energy Consumption: < 150 wh/mile [9]
Battery Type: Sealed AGM Lead Acid [8]
Seating Capacity: 4
Curb Weight: 2,340 pounds [10]
Additional notes: The motor is an Advanced DC 9-inch series wound DC motor. The controller is a Cafe Electric Zilla 1k HV model. The traction battery pack is x17 Exide Orbital XCD30 batteries.
Volkswagen Kharmen Ghia conversion "Ghia Monster"
Top speed: 150 mph (simulated) [11]
Acceleration: n/a (Very ****ing fast, like 0-60 mph in under 4 seconds fast)
¼ mile drag performance: n/a (Very ****ing fast, again. Around 11 seconds guess)
Horsepower: n/a (1,000+ lb-ft of motor torque!) [12]
Range: 50-100 miles [13]
Energy Consumption: n/a
Battery Type: Sealed AGM lead acid [14]
Seating Capacity: 2 [15]
Curb Weight: 2700 pounds [16]
Additional notes: The motor is a set of three Netgain WarP 8-inch series wound DC motors. The controller is a set of three DCP T-Rex 1000. The traction battery pack is x84 Hawker Genesis batteries.
Volkswagen Rabbit Pickup conversion “Electrk"
Top speed: 90+ mph [17]
Acceleration: n/a
¼ mile drag performance: 14.9 seconds [17]
Horsepower: n/a (I remember reading 200 horsepower)
Range: n/a
Energy Consumption: n/a
Battery Type: Sealed AGM lead acid
Seating Capacity: 2
Curb Weight: n/a
Additional notes: n/a
AC Propulsion TZero superLIght versION
Top speed: 102 mph (governed) [18]
Acceleration: 0-60 mph in 3.6 seconds [18]
¼ mile drag performance: 12.2 seconds [18]
Horsepower: 220 horsepower [19]
Range: 250 to 320 miles per charge [20]
Energy Consumption: 160 wh/mile [21]
Battery Type: Lithium Ion [18]
Seating Capacity: 2
Curb Weight: 2,000 pounds [19]
Additional notes: Equipped with an upgraded 200 horsepower 3-phase AC Propulsion drivetrain composed of a 200 horsepower AC motor and inverter combination. Runs on a total of x7,000 Sony 18650 size lithium ion labtop computer batteries. This hand-built car retails for $265,000. With appropriate gearing it would hit 140 mph.
Bertone Blitz
Top speed: 80 mph [22]
Acceleration: 0-60 mph in 6 seconds [23]
¼ mile drag performance: n/a
Horsepower: 72 horsepower [23]
Range: n/a
Energy Consumption: n/a
Battery Type: Sealed AGM lead acid [23]
Seating Capacity: 2
Curb Weight: 1496 pounds [23]
Additional notes: The battery pack is 576 pounds. The two motors are each rated for 36 continuous horsepower, but no indication is given for peak horsepower.
Camaro Z28 conversion “Crazed Monkey"
Top speed: 120 mph [24]
Acceleration: n/a
¼ mile drag performance: n/a
Horsepower: 204 horsepower [25]
Range: 40 miles [26]
Energy Consumption: n/a
Battery Type: Sealed AGM lead acid [27] (x30 Optima D750 Redtops)
Seating Capacity: 1 (During Racing) [28]
Curb Weight: 3,567 pounds [29]
Additional notes: Equipped with an upgraded 200 horsepower 3-phase AC Propulsion drivetrain composed of a 200 horsepower AC motor and inverter combination.
Datsun 1200 conversion “White Zombie"
Top speed: 100+ mph [30]
Acceleration: 0-60 mph in 3.5 seconds [30]
¼ mile drag performance: 12.1 seconds [30]
Horsepower: 200+ horsepower [31]
Range: 30 miles per charge [32]
Energy Consumption: n/a
Battery Type: Sealed AGM lead acid [33]
Seating Capacity: 2 [34]
Curb Weight: 2,300 pounds [35]
Additional notes: The motors are twin Netgain WarP 9-inch motors connected on a common shaft. They are controlled by a Cafe electric Zilla 2k controller HV model. The traction battery pack is composed of x29 Hawker Aerobatteries. John Wayland, the car's owner, has $15,000 invested into this car's current setup.
Mazda RX7 conversion “Maniac Mazda"
Top speed: 140+ mph [36]
Acceleration: 0-60 mph in 4 seconds [36]
¼ mile drag performance: 11.2 seconds [37]
Horsepower: 450 horsepower [36]
Range: 30 miles [36]
Energy Consumption: n/a
Battery Type: Sealed AGM lead acid [38] (x48 Hawker Genesis)
Seating Capacity: 2 [39]
Curb Weight: n/a
Additional notes: The motors are twin Advanced DC 9-inch motors. They are controlled by two Cafe electric Zilla 2k HV model controllers. The traction battery pack is composed of x48 Hawker Genesis batteries.
Porsche 914 electric conversion “California Poppy"
Top speed: 140+ mph [40]
Acceleration: 0-60 mph in 5 seconds [41]
¼ mile drag performance: 13.8 seconds [42]
Horsepower: 210 horsepower [43]
Range: 20-25 miles [40]
Energy Consumption: 240 wh/mile [44]
Battery Type: Sealed AGM lead acid [45] (x20 Exide Orbital XCD30)
Seating Capacity: 2 [46]
Curb Weight: 3,000 pounds (estimated)
Additional notes: The motors are twin Advanced DC 8-inch motors connected to a common shaft. They are controlled by a Cafe electric Zilla 2k HV model controller. The traction battery pack is composed of x20 Exide Orbital XCD30 batteries.
Venturi Fetish
Top speed: 105 mph (governed) [47]
Acceleration: 0-60 mph in 4.3 seconds [48]
¼ mile drag performance: n/a
Horsepower: 241 horsepower [49]
Range: 200-220 miles per charge [47]
Energy Consumption: 270 wh/mile [50]
Battery Type: Lithium Ion [50]
Seating Capacity: 2
Curb Weight: 2,425 pounds [51]
Additional Notes: Equipped with an upgraded 200 horsepower 3-phase AC Propulsion drivetrain composed of a rated 200 horsepower AC motor and inverter combination(Upgraded to about 241 horsepower). Runs on a total of x8,000 Sony 18650 size lithium ion labtop computer batteries. This hand-built car retails for $500,000 and is only in a production run of 25 total.
Zytec Lotus Elise EV
Top speed: 90 mph (governed) [52]
Acceleration: 0-90 mph in 11.2 seconds (Estimate: 0-60 mph between 5 and 6 seconds) [51]
¼ mile drag performance: n/a
Horsepower: 200 horsepower [52]
Range: 120 miles per charge [52]
Energy Consumption: n/a
Battery Type: Sealed Nickel Cadmium [52]
Seating Capacity: 2
Curb Weight: 1,930 pounds [52]
Additional Notes: The motors are twin brushless DC motors each producing 100 peak horsepower and 75 lb-ft of peak torque.
Eliica
Top speed: 250 mph [53] (Check the source, this is no joke!)
Acceleration: 0-60 mph in 4 seconds, 0-100 mph in 7 seconds [54] (0-100 of Eliica will kill a Ferrari Enzo, hands down)
¼ mile drag performance: n/a
Horsepower: 800 horsepower [55]
Range: 200+ miles per charge [56]
Energy Consumption: n/a
Battery Type: Lithium Ion [57]
Seating Capacity: 8 [57]
Curb Weight: 5,300 pounds [58]
Additional Notes: Powered by 8 in-wheel drive motors, one for each wheel. They produce 100 horsepower each and a computer controlled system allows them to provide excellent traction and stability. This car is expected to retail for about $300,000 if it goes into limited production.
KAZ Limousine
Top speed: 193 mph [59]
Acceleration: 0-60 mph in 7 seconds [60]
¼ mile drag performance: 15.3 seconds [59]
Horsepower: 590 horsepower [59]
Range: 180 miles per charge [59]
Energy Consumption: 290 wh/mile [59]
Battery Type: Lithium Ion [59]
Seating Capacity: 8 [59]
Curb Weight: 6,578 pounds [59]
Additional Notes: Powered by 6 in-wheel drive motors, one for each wheel. They produce 100 horsepower each and a computer controlled system allows them to provide excellent traction and stability.
Commuter Cars Tango
Top speed: 150 mph [61]
Acceleration: 0-60 mph in 4 seconds [61]
¼ mile drag performance: 12 seconds [62]
Horsepower: 400 horsepower [63]
Range: 80 miles per charge [61]
Energy Consumption: n/a
Battery Type: Sealed AGM lead acid [64]
Seating Capacity: 2
Curb Weight: 2,500 pounds [63]
Additional Notes: The motors are twin Advanced DC 9-inch series wound DC motors, controlled by a Cafe Electric Zilla 2k controller. The battery pack is a 1,025 pound pack of Excide Orbital XCD30 AGM batteries. Hand-built, the car retails for $80,000. In mass production, a lower power version called the Foxtrot that accelerates from 0-60 mph in 7 seconds, 1/4 mile in 16 seconds, and has a 100 mile range would be expected to sell for under $20,000.
Nissan 240SX "Joule Injected"
Top speed: 100+ mph (estimated)
Acceleration: n/a
¼ mile drag performance: 13.6 seconds [65]
Horsepower: 190 horsepower [66]
Range: 30 miles per charge [67]
Energy Consumption: n/a
Battery Type: Sealed AGM lead acid [66]
Seating Capacity: 2
Curb Weight: 3,250 pounds [66]
Additional Notes: The motors are twin Netgain WarP 8-inch series wound DC motors, controlled by a Cafe Electric Zilla 2k controller. The battery pack is a 1,025 pound pack of Excide Orbital XCD30 AGM batteries.
Trucks, sports cars, limousines, you name it. The fact remains EVs are now competitive in performance and can be very fun to drive. They can also be damn sexy.
One might comment that they don’t top out at a high speed, but that is often the case when they are using only one gear ratio in a direct drive setup. Use a transmission and an EV could easily hold its own in the top speed category, as can be noted by the Maniac Mazda or Otmar’s 914. However, have enough power, and even direct drive setups can still break world records(or come close to it), like the Eliica and its insane 250 mph top speed, for instance. Yet how much have you heard about the Bugatti Veyron or the Koenigsegg CCR instead?
Interested? Want a race car that isn't a maintenance *****? Or do you just simply want a spirited and quick daily driver that's independent from rising gas prices? Maybe you're one of those rare closet granola crunchers that just so happen to have a lead foot? Perhaps you want something as different as possible so you can humiliate people at the track? Does the mere idea of having the nastiest Joule-Injected Suicide Machine on the road give you a boner? Maybe it's time to build one. Don't be afraid to ask around.
www.evdl.org
I will make another topic dealing with conversion advice.
In the meantime, don't forget to check out the following sites detailing high performance electric cars:
www.plasmaboyracing.com: This is John Wayland's site. It has videos and photos galore of his two electric Datsun 1200s that you need to see if you are interested.
www.nedra.com: National electric Drag Racing Association. Want to race EVs? Just plain interested? Do yourself a favor and visit this site. They are sanctioned by the NHRA!
www.powerofdc.com: The Power of DC drag races are held every year at the Mason Dixon dragstrip near Hagerstown, Maryland, every summer.
Also of concern are the 2006 High Voltage Nationals at the Route 66 Raceway in Joliet, Illinois. John Wayland will be attending with his Viper-killing electric Datsun 1200, "White Zombie". The races are open to alternative fueled vehicles only, but anyone can attend. The following information was provided:
From: Chip Gribben
Date: 12/10/05
Subject: NEDRA Announces the 2005 High Voltage Nationals
Route 66 Raceway in Joliet, Illinois will be holding the HIGH VOLTAGE NATIONALS May 13, 2006.
The event is being organized by High Voltage Racing, the Fox Valley Electric Auto Association (FVEAA) and is sanctioned by the National Electric Drag Racing Association (NEDRA).
All pure electric vehicles (2, 3, and 4 or more wheels) are invited to participate, either as a static display or drag race in the NEDRA event.
All alternative fuel vehicles (cng, hydrogen, propane, bio diesel, veggie oil, steam, etc.) and hybrids of all makes and fuels are also welcome to participate as part of the Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AVF) Expo which is also being held at the Route 66 Raceway.
Prizes include trophies and cash awards.
This is in conjunction with the Joliet Township High School's (JTHS) Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AVF) Expo.
The event will also be held in conjunction with the 5th EVer EAA All-Chapters Conference that same weekend from May 12 to 14th which will also be hosted by the FVEAA. The 5th EVer is a gathering of EAA Chapters to conference about opportunities to promote and develop EVs.
The HIGH VOLTAGE NATIONALS will be an annual event and joins the BATTERY BEACH BURNOUT as NEDRA's two newest events for 2006. Stay tuned for more information as it develops.
Chip Gribben
NEDRA Webmaster
http://www.nedra.com
References:
[1]
http://www.acpropulsion.com/Media%20storie...d_and_Track.htm –“There is no such thing as idling in an EV; when sitting still, the Civic is essentially turned off. Press the Forward button, step on the gas (oops! Accelerator) pedal, and savor a noise not unlike the whine of a jet engine as you pull away. Because torque is almost constant, acceleration is felt evenly all the way to the top speed of 85 mph.”
[2] Sacramento News & Reviews, “Electric Smoke Screen”, by Nick Budnick, 7/6/1995, Page 19, –“ The rhetoric obscures the great strides electric vehicles have made in the last several years. A Southern California firm co-owned by Alan Cocconi, a former researcher with GM's electric vehicle program, has developed a 200-horsepower motor that propels a four-seater converted Honda Civic from zero to 60 mph in a mere 6.2 seconds, according to the July Road & Track magazine. The vehicle needs only two hours to recharge using a washer/dryer outlet. Of course, it costs $75,000; but Cocconi told the News & Review the high price is because it is a prototype, hand-built by the company's seven employees--not by an assembly line. "If you build 1,000 a year, it would be below $30,000; and if you build 10,000 a year, you get it down to around $20,000," he said.”
[3]
http://www.acpropulsion.com/ACP_history.htm –“In 1994, AC Propulsion introduced the AC-150, a 150 kW (200 hp) integrated drive system for compact to midsize passenger cars. At that time, AC Propulsion developed an electric vehicle based on a Honda Civic hatchback to demonstrate the AC-150's capabilities. Tested by Road & Track, that car achieved a 0-60 mph acceleration time of 6.2 seconds. In June, 1996, the same AC Propulsion EV, with 47,000 miles on it, set a range record of 145 miles over the "Pomona Loop" an urban driving circuit used by Southern California Edison to evaluate EVs. Energy consumption over the range test was 126 Wh/mile, the equivalent of 266 miles per gallon. No other EV, including advanced prototypes from major automakers has matched these levels of performance and efficiency.”
[4]
http://www.acpropulsion.com/Media%20storie...d_and_Track.htm –“The muscle behind the gentle-looking Civic is the AC-150 Drive System that draws its power from 28 sealed, no-maintenance Optima lead-acid batteries. They are stored longitudinally along the center of the car, and the whole pack can be lowered to the ground, via hand crank, and replaced in 30 minutes. A full charge can be taken on in just one hour (240 volts, 80 amps) or in two hours from a household washer/dryer outlet. Pop the hood and notice the controller box-the real heart of the system; underneath lies a high-efficiency induction motor that produces 200 bhp between 6000 and 12,000 rpm. Unlike internal combustion engines, the electric motor's maximum torque of 165 lb. -ft. is constant from zero to 5000 rpm, which translates to rocket launches at the drag strip. The Civic gets to 60 mph in just 6.2 seconds, aided by traction control to keep the narrow, 60-psi Goodyear Invicta tires from turning to a gaseous state.”
[5]
http://www.megawattmotorworks.com/display....rticle&artid=67 -"The car weighs approximately 3200 pounds."
[6]
http://autos.groups.yahoo.com/group/ev-lis...e/message/52021 –“With White Zombie's current gear ratio, its lower powered brother, Blue Meanie, can probably out run it on an open highway, as I suspect that with its 50 psi inflated narrow LRR tires, its good power to weight ratio, and with 3:90 rear gears, Blue Meanie could hit 125 mph. I have no real stats to prove this, but my seat of the pants estimates have served me well over the years."
[7]
http://www.mail-archive.com/ev@listproc.sj...u/msg05182.html –“Same car with 13, 45 lb. 12V Optima AGM batteries, a 585 lb. pack @ 156V. With 1200 amp power draws, 0-60 is in the low 6 second area, range when driven hard is 15 miles, 20-25 miles when driven moderately, and up to 31 miles or so when driven at grandma-type 35 mph constant speeds.”
[8]
www.mail-archive.com/ev@listproc.sjsu.edu/msg04253.html -"I'm pretty pumped up about Blue Meanie's scheduled revamp. I am committed to doing it at 204V. Because the Orbitals are 4 lbs. lighter than YTs (40 lbs. vs 44 lbs.), there's enough weight savings in a 156V pack of 13 (42 lbs.) to add a 14th battery and still have the car weigh pretty much the same. Taking this logic a bit further, adding four batteries at 160 lbs., minus the 42 lbs. weight savings from the 13, makes the new 204V pack weigh just 118 lbs. more. Besides blistering performance (the top speed should be scary), it will have an increased range to 35-40 miles, I think."
[9]
http://autos.groups.yahoo.com/group/ev-lis...e/message/41399 –“Blue Meanie achieves about 145-150 wt-hr/mile (55 amps with the pack hanging at 162V @ 60 mph on level ground)”
[10]
http://www.austinev.org/evalbum/036.html –“Curb Weight: 2340 pounds”
[11]
http://<a href="http://www.austinev....m/054.html</a>–“Projected at being over 150 mph”
[12]
http://www.jalopnik.com/cars/alternative-e...ster-100845.php –“This Karmann Ghia employs three electric motors cranking out over 1000 lb. ft. of torque, a tube frame, a Lenco trans, a full-race Strange rear end, and big freakin’ slicks out back.”
[13]
http://www.austinev.org/evalbum/054.html –“50 miles at 50% DoD”
[14]
http://www.austinev.org/evalbum/054.html –“84 AGMs – 11.5 lbs each, to form a 28 long set of buddy triplets”
[15]
http://www.austinev.org/evalbum/054.html –“2 adults”
[16]
http://www.austinev.org/evalbum/054.html –“Projected at 2700 pounds”
[17]
http://autos.groups.yahoo.com/group/ev-lis...e/message/41497 –“Bob also had his best time EVER with the truck! 14.946 seconds at 90.44 mph.”
[18]
http://www.acpropulsion.com/ACP_FAQs/FAQ_cars.htm –“The Li Ion tzero accelerates from 0-60 mph in 3.6 seconds and covers the quarter mile in 12.2 seconds. Top speed is 102 mph (rpm limited).”
[19]
http://www.acpropulsion.com/ACP_FAQs/FAQ_cars.htm –“The tzero weighs 2000 pounds and its special high-output version of the AC-150 drive system puts out 220 horsepower. The torque characteristics of the AC-150 motor and the excellent weight distribution enhanced by precise electronic traction control combine to give just about perfect traction for launch. Once you get moving, the power-to-weight ratio and continuous torque (no shifting) do the rest.”
[20]
http://www.acpropulsion.com/ACP_FAQs/FAQ_cars.htm –“Driven to maximize range the Li Ion tzero can go at least 320 miles. The longest actual drive has been 302 miles at 60 mph. In left-lane highway driving the range is 250 to 280 miles.”
[21]
http://www.acpropulsion.com/ACP_PDFs/EAASV_101803.pdf –Page 22-“57.1 mi avg, 160 wh/mile, 302 miles”
[22]
http://www.carfolio.com/specificatio...car/?car=16159 –“Top Speed: 129 km/h”
[23]
Build Your Own Electric Vehicle by Bob Brandt –Page 79-“0 to 62 mph in 6 seconds! It weighs only 1496 pounds- 572 for the lead acid batteries- yet is driven by two 36-hp motors that apply 145 pound-feet of torque to each rear wheel when you punch it! And a premonition of possible wonderful things to come occurred when the Italian policeman wouldn’t give one writer/driver a ticket for speeding but admonished him, ‘Don’t forget to drive slowly, despite being in an electric car.’”
[24]
http://www.austinev.org/evalbum/123.html –“Top Speed: 120 mph”
[25]
http://www.austinev.org/evalbum/123.html –“Motor: 204 HP 3-Phase induction motor”
[26]
http://www.austinev.org/evalbum/123.html –“Range: 40 miles”
[27]
http://www.austinev.org/evalbum/123.html –“Batteries: 31 Optima Redtop Batteries”
[28]
http://www.austinev.org/evalbum/123.html –“Seating Capacity: 1 adults”
[29]
http://www.austinev.org/evalbum/123.html –“Curb Weight: 3,567 pounds”
[30]
http://www.plasmaboyracing.com/whitezombie.php –“ Best ET 12.151 @ 106.25 mph! World's Quickest & Fastest 'Street Legal Electric Car' (in the 1/4 mile, per NEDRA) 0-60 in ~ 3.5 seconds!”
[31]
http://www.plasmaboyracing.com/whitezombie.php –“200+ horsepower w/ 772 ft. lbs. torque (equivalent to ~300 hp gas)”
[32]
http://autos.groups.yahoo.com/group/ev-lis...e/message/48516 –“Here' a good comparison to make. Blue Meanie weighs about the same as White Zombie now weighs, at 2340 lbs. With 100 lbs. 'less' weight in batteries than White Zombie, and by rolling on skinny LRR tires, the Meanie's 13 Optimas at 585 lbs. can take that car 25 miles per charge when the batteries are in top shape. It's therefore reasonable to assume the with 100 lbs. more in pack weight, better efficiency due to running high voltage with very low amps for cruise speeds and because of less spinning mass (no dual motor shaft coupler and that aluminum driveline), but with more rolling resistance due to its fat drag tires in back, I'm thinking with the rear tires inflated up to 35 psi instead of their usual race pressure in the 15-18 lb. area, that White Zombie will do about 25-30 miles per charge.”
[33]
http://www.austinev.org/evalbum/035.html –“29 'Hawker Aerobatteries' deep cycle 12V, 26ahr AGM batteries...Thanks to Hawker and Aerobatteries for their support.”
[34]
http://www.plasmaboyracing.com/whitezombie.php –“Seating Capacity: 2 adults”
[35]
http://www.plasmaboyracing.com/whitezombie.php –“Curb Weight: ~2,300 pounds”
[36]
http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/7.03/backyard.html –According to the chart, Roderick Wilde’s “Maniac Mazda” could achieve a 140 MPH top speed in 1999. Further, it has 450 horsepower, 0-60 mph in 4 seconds, and 30 miles per charge on up.
[37]
http://www.nedra.com/records.html –The “Maniac Mazda” achieved an 11.202 second ¼ mile drag time at 108.31 MPH at Bremerton Raceway, WA, August 22, 1999.
[38]
http://www.austinev.org/evalbum/047.html –“Batteries: Hawker Genesis”
[39]
http://www.austinev.org/evalbum/047.html –“Seating Capacity: 2 adults”
[40] Otmar Ebenhoech in an email to me describing the range and top speed of his electric Porsche dated Monday, September 6th, 2004–“Me: Also, what is the range per charge of California Poppy if driven at 60 MPH speeds? Otmar: About 20 to 25 miles. Not much. I could optimize more for range, but I think the dual motors are killing the efficiency and the big transaxle doesn't help either. Me: What will it top out at? Otmar: I haven't taken it over <speed omitted>, In fourth gear I'm guessing it would do 140 mph.”
[41]
http://www.mail-archive.com/ev@listproc.sj...u/msg05383.html –“ So there I am, minding my own business, driving home in my old electric 914 "California Poppy". It's just a usual errand. Tonight I'm test driving a Z2K while returning from a nice Sushi dinner treat, celebrating having finished another batch of controllers. I'm down to about 50% capacity with eight amp hours down since the pack is dropping off a bit early lately. (gotta find the stinker battery in the pack someday) I'm on Alma expressway, a long straight 35 mph posted limit road that is nice for high efficiency driving. This means it's flat, 45 mph is the norm and the stoplights are far apart. At the first red light I pull up to the crosswalk next to a silver convertible Mustang with Florida plates and the top down. The 5.0 on the fender tells me this 30ish guy enjoys a little speed. I glance over and we exchange that slight nod of acknowledgement as guys in sports cars are prone to do. The light turns green and I take off normally. I'm not trying to save energy at this point so when I say "normal" that would be just fast enough to avoid squealing the tires. It helps that I've got the series mode current turned down to only 1600 amps so my normal start happens to be pedal to the metal. Normal as in 0-60 in 5 seconds normal... Mr Mustang is clearly not expecting this so I leave him behind as I normally do to everyone. I let the car shift to parallel mode, feel the strong pull hit me in the back and then let up to avoid breaking 50 in this quiet area. Mr Mustang catches up with me and hangs back just a bit, presumably to take in my many stickers proclaiming "Zilla Powered", "Powered by 100% American Electrons" and Zero Emissions Vehicle". I'm guessing it was a bit too dark for him to make out the "Eat my Volts" sticker on the rear window.”
[42]
http://evcl.com/914/main.html –“The best time it did for the 1/4 mile drag race that day was a 13.810 seconds at 98.38 mph.”
[43]
http://autos.groups.yahoo.com/group/ev-lis...e/message/35584 –“ I've done some runs with a G-Tech meter and IIRC it was peaking at 210 HP. I think that was somewhere around 2000 rpm.”
[44] Otmar Ebenhoech in an email to me describing the efficiency of his electric Porsche dated Friday, November 19th, 2004–“I run the Eco Contact tires at 55psi. I have 0/0/0 alignment. I fixed the dragging brakes and run red line transmission oil, but not the thinnest since I'm worried about high load wear. I get about 240 wh/mile at 60 mph. The math says 170 wh/mile should be possible, but I think the dual motors and large transmission hurt that. I could add a belly pan, should help a lot, but I'd like to first know why the rolling drag is very high.”
[45]
http://www.evsource.com/articles/orbital_optima.php –“One of the wonderful things about the EV racing community is how we help each other out. In the past when Plasma Boy was in a bind I was there to help him out, so I figured I'd see if he might be able to help me out here. John did not let me down. He dropped everything, worked his contacts, wrote some glowing emails, and before I knew it the super folks at Exide were sponsoring me with a new set of Exide Orbital Marine deep cycle batteries. Thanks John! Meanwhile, while waiting for those I was cranking on a fresh Z2K controller for the Madman Rudman, and he was shipping me a fresh PFC 30 so I can take a little better care of these new batteries. I was eager to get the Orbitals in the car for the documentary, and so had neglected to do some real basic research like checking the height. In the rear I have two layers deep of eight batteries each. When I dropped the first battery in I had that sinking feeling that usually prefaces a lot of work. The Orbitals were 3/8" taller than the Optimas. The racks were not tall enough. I spent much of the next three days with the help of Jos Goble remaking the battery racks to hold the extra height of the Orbitals. Despite the extra work, there was still time to wash the car and put a couple cycles on the batteries before the abuse was to begin. For break in I ran only 800 amps in order to be nice to them. Saturday morning sunrise found myself, Clare, and three people making up the film crew gathered outside my house. They followed me to a parking lot a mile away where we had permission to do some filming. On the way there I was driving rather carefully in order to save battery power for the show. We pulled in and while the others unloaded gear the director came up to talk to me in the car. "Could you just do a small burnout here so we can get a idea for what we are filming here?" He asked. I thought he might be a little concerned with my tepid driving on the way over there and I couldn't quite read his expression. I said that yes, that would be no problem. With him standing right next to the drivers door I punched it and released full Zilla power backed by fresh Exide Orbitals into those cold Eco Contact tires. Of course they instantly spun up and spewed smoke. I hooked the car around to the left and then fish tailed off in the opposite direction leaving two wavy black lines of rubber on the pavement. When I returned to the director his expression had changed considerably. He was all smiles and enthusiasm. Could I do exactly that again but heading right toward the cameraman? Aww shucks, I guess I could. :-) We spent the day filming the Poppy, doing interviews and some road shots. All the while, between shoots Rudmans PFC 30 was keeping the batteries topped up. The film crew were a bit surprised that it only took an hour for the car to be topped up and ready for more filming. So anyway, that's how the Porsche got a pack of Orbital batteries installed...”
[46]
http://www.austinev.org/evalbum/293.html –“Seating Capacity: Two, or three if good friends”
[47]
http://www.forbes.com/lifestyle/vehicles/2...tner=compuserve –“The Fétish offers a top speed of 105 mph, as well as the ability to go 217 miles on a single charge.”
[48]
http://www.thecarconnection.com/Industry/D...S173.A7559.html –“the Fétish can accelerate from 0-60 mph in 4.3 seconds”
[49]
http://www.forbes.com/lifestyle/vehicles/2...tner=compuserve –“The Fétish's engine generates 241 hp”
[50]
http://www.novinky.cz/04/07/89.html –“Baterie 100 Lithium-Ion 58 kWh” Note: For efficiency, take the 58 kWh and divide by 217 miles range
[51]
http://www.rsportscars.com/eng/cars/venturi_fetish.asp –“Weight lb (kg): 2424 (1100)”
[52]
http://econogics.com/ev/evperf.htm –“Curb weight is just 1,930 pounds, including batteries -- a full 1,000 pounds lighter than GM's EV1. Its supercar-like acceleration is estimated at 0 to 90 mph in just 11.2 seconds, quicker than the standard Elise. A 300-volt nickel-cadmium battery pack is said to offer a 120-mile driving range and a one-hour recharge to 95 percent. Top speed is electronically limited to 90 mph. The impressive power is provided by twin 100-horsepower (75-kilowatt) oil-cooled Zytek brushless DC motors, each mounted to single-speed aluminum gearboxes that transmit power to the rear wheels via equal -length driveshafts.”
[53]
http://www.dancewithshadows.com/eliica-electric-car.asp –“Earlier this year, at Italy's Nardo high-speed test track facility, the Eliica recorded a top speed of 370kmh. Shimizu says the car would break 400kmh on a smoother surface.”
[54]
http://www.greencarcongress.com/2004...ing_with_.html –“WorldChanging points to a review of the Eliica, an 8-wheel, all-electric concept car that punches it from 0-60 mph in four seconds.”
[55]
http://www.greencarcongress.com/2004...ing_with_.html –“The Eliica uses 8 60kW in-wheel drive motors to provide the equivalent of 800 hp. The photo to the right shows the exposed platform and wheel units.”
[56]
http://www.dancewithshadows.com/eliica-electric-car.asp –“The range is great for a pure electric car - at more than 200 miles.”
[57]
http://www.evworld.com/view.cfm?sect...le&storyid=692 –“Eliica stands for 'Electric Lithium Ion Car.' It is the streamlined successor of the Kaz, eight-passenger limousine, developed at Japan's Keio University.”
[58]
http://www.dancewithshadows.com/eliica-electric-car.asp –“The car turns using its front four wheels and the weight of the Eliica - at 2400 kg - is barely noticeable, says Auto Express.”
[59]
http://www.kaz-style.com/en/specifications.html –According to chart, 8 passenger capacity, 6,578 pound curb weight, 590 horsepower, lithium ion batteries, 55 kWh total battery capacity, 186.5 miles range, 0-400m drag race in 15.3 seconds, 193.3 mph top speed
[60]
http://www.kaz-style.com/en/performance_311.html –“As a result, KAZ can reach 100 km/h in 7 seconds from a standing start, and reach the top speed of 311 km/h in a minute.”
[61]
http://www.treehugger.com/files/2004...ter_cars_t.php –“This little wonder accelerates from 0 to 60 mph (97 kph) in just 4 seconds. Oh yeah, and it maxes out at 150 mph (241 kph). These are not typos. Should you ever need to test this claim, you'll be protected by a racing-certified roll cage and ballast for sticky cornering. All from an emission free battery that takes only 3 hours to charge, while letting you have a range of 80 miles (129 km) per charge.”
[62]
http://www.commutercars.com/ –“As far as performance goes, the Tango is no slouch. Since electric cars--especially small ones--are generally thought to be slow and weak performers we set out to blow some minds by designing the Tango to accelerate through the standing 1/4 mile in 12 seconds at over 120 mph and travel from 0 to 60 mph in 4 seconds.”
[63]
http://www.commutercars.com/news/tel...0603TechTV.pdf –Page 2-“Bryan Woodbury estimates the cars will have up to 400 horsepower once they’re tested. That’s plenty of power, considering the entire vehicle weighs about 2,500 pounds.”
[64]
www.commutercars.com/specifications.html –“Battery Weight:, 1025 lbs (Exide) or 1125 lbs (Optima)”
[65]
http://www.dragtimes.com/Nissan-240S...slip-7382.html -"1/4 Mile ET: 13.607"
[66]
http://www.dragtimes.com/Nissan-240S...slip-7382.html -"Car was converted to electric in 2005. Weight is 3250 lbs. It has 25 marine batteries (1000 lbs) a 2000 amp motor controller and two 9" diameter DC motors running directly into the differential (no tranny). Gtech Pro data shows 190 HP and 650 ft-lbs torque. This car ran a 14.27 at 95 mph for its first time ever on the track with street tires and stock open differential. This current record is with drag radials and limited slip differential. You can email me at "matt (at) suncoast.net"
[67]
http://www.mail-archive.com/ev@listproc.sj...u/msg06123.html -"At lunch today, I drove the 240 up the road about 10 miles to a local golf cart shop. They've been running a 96V cart with a four-speed contactor setup that does better than 70 mph. I figured they'd enjoy a spirited, Joule Injected ride. Man, they loved it, and I still had plenty of juice left to get back home. Two hours later, hooked up to 220 VAC, I had regs blinking away happily! So, I'd definitely say I'm in the 30+ mile range."
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